Richard Wagner :: Biography, Composer

(1813-1883)German composer.His childhood was divided between Dresden and Leipzig, where he had graduation composition lessons his teacher refused payment because of his talent. His first opera, Die Feen (1834), was fol first-class honours degreeed by Der Liebesverbot (1836) the premiere performance was so unprepared that the event was a fiasco, and he henceforward determined not to settle for modest productions. The success of Rienzi (1840) led him to be more adventurous in The Flying Dutchman (1843), and even more so in Tannhuser (1845). Caught up in the political turmoil of 1848, he was forced to flee Dresden for Zurich. During this enforced vacation, he wrote influential essays, asserting (following G. W. F. Hegel) that medicine had reached a limit after Ludwig van Beethoven, and that the "artwork of the future" would coalesce music and theater in a Gesamtkunstwerk ("total artwork"). In 1850 he saw Lohengrin produced. He had begun his most ambitious work, The R ing of the Nibelung, a four-opera cycle. The need for large-scale unity brought him to the concept of the leitmotiv. He ceased work on the Rings third opera, Siegfried, in the throes of an adulterous love with Mathilde Wesendonk, and wrote an opera of forbidden love, Tristan und Isolde (1859), which too seemed to break the bonds of tonality. He published the Ring librettos in 1863, asking if nigh German prince would support his artistic dreams, and Ludwig II of Bavaria responded. Shortly thereafter, Cosima Liszt von Blow became the mother of the first of his children they marriedin 1870, after his own wifes death.